Learn and Understand how Chords and Arpeggios (Triads, Tetrads, Pentads, etc.) are born.

Indexed: 2026-05-21

[00:00:00]Hi guys, Genie here for a new video.

[00:00:02]Today is a theory class, very nice class. Today let's talk about the musical intervals, major harmonic fields, and generated modes, okay?

[00:00:14]So, let's check it out. Okay guys, here the major scale formula, okay? We have one tone, tone, semitone, tone, tone, tone, and semitone, okay?

[00:00:28]Because this is the first step to create a triads, diatonic scales, and so on, okay? The first step is mapping the the major scale formula. So, let's check some examples.

[00:00:43]Here we have a simple C major scale. As you can see here, major scale, the same thing.

[00:00:50]The notes of the major scale, we we apply the formula. As you can see, the formula is the same, one tone, one tone, one semitone, one tone, one tone, one tone, and finish with one semitone to go through the octave. Another example, E major, E major scale, if you we apply the the formula.

[00:01:11]Okay, now you already know the formula.

[00:01:15]You can you can build the the scales, okay? And the first step, you already know the formula.

[00:01:20]Okay guys, now the second step. The second step, we need to know about the musical interval. But what exactly musical interval is?

[00:01:31]Why this formula, guys? One tone, one tone, one semitone, tone, tone, tone, one semitone. Why this formula? I will explain why. We will map all the notes, the chromatic scales, okay? 12 notes.

[00:01:45]Chromatic scale has 12 notes.

[00:01:49]And here here it is the map. We have the key, B2, true, minor three, or B3, three, four, B5, five, sharp 5 6 7 and the major 7. Okay, major 7 and octave. Octave the same notes of the key. And here guys, above is the octave notes. B 9 9 sharp 9 10 11 sharp 11 12 B 13 and 13. Okay.

[00:02:21]And here guys between these 12 notes let's select seven notes because the major scale has seven notes. And if you will select the seven notes here, we have the formula.

[00:02:34]As you can see here, I'm based on in this musical interval map I created here this map.

[00:02:41]And now you can understand why we have this formula. Okay, why we need to use this formula. Now let's go to the step number three.

[00:02:52]Harmonic fields. In this case let's use the major harmonic field because exists many harmonic fields. For example, we have harmonic minor, melodic minor, diminished and so on. Okay, but in our case let's use the major harmonic field.

[00:03:09]Okay. Step number three. Let's continue.

[00:03:12]Okay, in this slide you can see I selected the notes of the major scale in this case the I'm based on C major C major scale.

[00:03:24]If I select the formula we have K 2 3 4 5 6 and the major 7 and octave. Okay.

[00:03:33]Including the octave notes in and here which is the completely formula. The conclusion conclusion C major scale the completely formula K 2 3 4 5 6 and major 7. Okay.

[00:03:47]Okay guys, as we saw earlier the major scale has the formula K 2 3 4 5 6 major 7.

[00:03:54]If you will start from the note C, okay guys, if you will start from the note C, we have this formula. But, what if we started from the other notes?

[00:04:04]Would the formula change?

[00:04:07]Let's check it out.

[00:04:09]Yes, guys, the formula change.

[00:04:13]For each note we start with, a new formula will be generated, completely different in its configuration compared it to the others.

[00:04:23]For example, if we started in D, the formula now is K2 B3 4 5 6 and 7.

[00:04:33]Okay? Different from the if you will start from the C. As you can see, now the third note, we got a a B, B3, and the seventh note, it's not a major 7, it's [clears throat] a simple 7.

[00:04:48]The same thing.

[00:04:50]As you can see now, the formula is K B2 B3 4 5 B6 and 7. Okay? For each note, a new formula will be generated. Okay, guys?

[00:05:04]Okay, now you understand that the formula change with note we start with.

[00:05:10]Then, we enter in the harmonic field and it's generated modes.

[00:05:16]This is the last step for you understand how triads, standard pentads, hexads, and heptads are created. Okay, guys?

[00:05:28]Okay, now we are in the major harmonic fields, step two.

[00:05:33]I I was talk about the preparation before, but now we are entering in the major harmonic fields and the modes generated. The major harmonic field has seven different degrees. We call them modes, okay guys?

[00:05:51]There are three major, three minor, and one diminished seven modes, okay? Three major, three minor, and one diminished.

[00:06:02]Okay? Totally seven modes.

[00:06:05]This last one, diminished, is minor, but different from the others because it has a flat fifth in its formula, okay? The formula is K B3 and B5. You will understand, calm down, you will understand. The first mode to the first note, in this case, C.

[00:06:26]Is major, Ionian. The second, Dorian, minor. Third, Phrygian, minor. Lydian.

[00:06:34]Major, Mixolydian. Major, Aeolian, minor. And Locrian, diminished, okay?

[00:06:41]This class is not about the modes because modes is another universe, okay?

[00:06:46]It's only uh a preparation. I I can talk about in another classes, but not in this class, okay guys? This class only three steps. Major scale formula, intervals, musical intervals, and major harmonic field, okay?

[00:07:03]Well, as you can see here guys, it's very easy to memorize.

[00:07:07]Very easy to memorize because the degrees 1, 4, and 5 is major, 2, 3, and 6 minor, and the 7 diminished, okay?

[00:07:20]Another cool thing here guys, because the 6th degree, Aeolian, is relative to the first degree. That is, they are related with each other.

[00:07:30]And can be substituted in some cases in a piece of a music, for example.

[00:07:36]Okay, now we are in the major harmonic fields and the okay?

[00:07:42]I map all the formula.

[00:07:44]This is the first formula to see, K 2 3 4 5 6 and major 7.

[00:07:51]Because as we saw before, if you we put all the notes inside the musical interval map, we got we got the >> [snorts] >> this formula, okay? If I start from C, I got this formula. From F, this formula. From G, this formula. A, this formula. And B, this formula. So, how are chords and arpeggios created, guys?

[00:08:17]First of all, chords and arpeggios have the same structure. The difference is chords is harmony played together. Blam blam blam. All notes played together.

[00:08:28]And arpeggios is playing the same notes but in melody.

[00:08:36]And the chords, blam blam blam blam.

[00:08:40]Okay? Chords together, all notes together. And arpeggios, notes by notes, not four notes per notes, okay?

[00:08:48]Chord and arpeggios can be triads, three notes, tetrads, four notes, pentads, five notes, hexads, six notes, and heptads, seven notes.

[00:08:58]You can create more than seven notes.

[00:09:00]That will depend on the type of harmonic fields you are you use, okay? There are many others.

[00:09:08]And you can even create your own custom one, okay? In our case, we are using the major harmonic field, which is composed of seven notes. In this case, the maximum is heptads. Why? Because seven notes. Now, let's create our first triads, okay? Our first triads. Creating triads is the basic the basic arpeggio or chords with just three notes. You can create many types of triads, but in this case let's use the the famous formula 135.

[00:09:43]Okay? 135.

[00:09:46]When you change the three three to four, for example, the the common 135.

[00:09:54]135. You change the three to a four.

[00:09:57]145. It's a sus4. Sus2.

[00:10:01]125.

[00:10:03]You remove the the the third and include it to the fourth. Okay? But I will not talk about this in this class, but just to understand other types of triads you can create. In this case let's working uh inside the famous formula 135.

[00:10:22]Okay?

[00:10:23]If you have a simple third, your arpeggio and chords are major. If you have a b3, minor. And if you have b3 and b5, diminished. Okay?

[00:10:36]But in this case half diminished, not diminished. Looking this diagram, for example, for C we have the K, the third, and the five. In this case major.

[00:10:48]Why major? Because the third is not a b.

[00:10:51]It's not a b3. It's a common three.

[00:10:54]Okay? In this case D will be D minor.

[00:10:58]Why D minor? Because the third is a b3.

[00:11:02]Next chord, quarter page. E minor. Why E minor?

[00:11:08]Because we have the third, b3.

[00:11:11]F major. Why F major? Because we have the third. G major. Because we have the third. A minor. Relative to the C. And why diminished? In this case half diminished. I will explain why. Because we have b3 and b5. Okay? Half diminished. We got this symbol here, okay? And diminished. Now, let's create a tetrad as as a bonus.

[00:11:40]As a bonus, let's create a tetrad.

[00:11:43]And tetrads, let's include that there are many tetrads types of tetrads, okay?

[00:11:48]But in this case, let's use the famous tetrads. The formula is composed to 1 3 5 7. 1 3 5 7, okay? That's the formula to tetrads. Pentad, 9 in this case.

[00:12:03]So, let's create to the C. In this case, we have the key, the third, the five, and the major seven. We got the tetrads. As you can see here in the diagram, okay? The diagram.

[00:12:17]Now, the minor. The minor seven because we have the seven.

[00:12:22]Okay? C, we have the major seven. As you can see, the seven is major. But the D minor and E minor, we have only the seven. In this case, D minor seven and E minor seven. [snorts] F major.

[00:12:39]Okay? And so on. You can create. I put here some I put here some example.

[00:12:44]C [snorts] seven major, key 3 5 7 major.

[00:12:49]D minor seven, key B3 5 and 7.

[00:12:53]And B because tetrads four notes, we have the key, B3, B5 and 7. Okay? Now, you can try others as example, okay? Training this, try this as example.

[00:13:08]And pentads, let's include the nine.

[00:13:10]The nine in this case is a octave to the second.

[00:13:14]Pentad, let's create the F7 major with nine. We have the key, the third.

[00:13:21]If you look If you what If you If you look here in the diagram, you will find the formula K 3 5 major 7 and the 9. Okay, K 3 5 major 7 and 9. And now you can try all this to create your own pentads.

[00:13:43]Okay, guys?

[00:13:45]And finish it.

[00:13:48]These three steps now you can create your own triads, tetrads, pentads, hexads, why not?

[00:13:55]And heptads by yourself. Okay, guys?

[00:13:59]It's a basic course to understand correctly how triads, tetrads, pentads, and so on are created. Okay?

[00:14:09]In future I will create a a master class about it, but not here because it's only an introduction to to you understand better how triads, tetrads, and pentads are created. Okay, guys?

[00:14:23]So, guys, I hope you enjoyed this course. My best regards, okay? And I see you in the next time, okay?